Sarah Elfreth
D · U.S. House, MD-3 · Tier 2
Tier 2, “Mainstream pro-Israel”
Won the open MD-3 (Sarbanes) seat after AIPAC’s United Democracy Project spent ~$4.2M backing her 2024 primary. Favors a two-state solution and opposes conditioning aid; her ceasefire call carried hostage-release and humanitarian caveats. Voted against the ICC-sanctions bill (H.R.23) as a freshman on scope grounds — in the same statement she said she opposes the ICC’s arrest warrants for senior Israeli officials, and she signed a letter with 40 Democrats condemning them. She called on Israel to protect civilians and allow unimpeded aid and food amid the famine. In September 2025 she signed, with most House Democrats, the Schneider–Raskin letter to Netanyahu opposing West Bank annexation. On Sep 24, 2026 Elfreth signed a 72-member House letter urging Netanyahu to contain settler violence in the West Bank, prosecute attacks on Palestinians and “halt further settlement approvals,” written “out of concern for Israel’s long-term security as well as for the safety of Palestinians.” On Oct 19, 2026, after settlers attacked the American photojournalist Heidi Levine, she wrote that settler violence in the West Bank “is at an all-time high” and that “the Israeli government must continue to crack down on settler violence in the West Bank,” adding: “We will demand full accountability and transparency in order to uphold peace and human rights across the region.” Explaining her June 2026 vote for Rashida Tlaib’s Lebanon war-powers resolution (H.Con.Res.84), she said she voted “to constrain President Trump in Lebanon and keep the United States out of forever wars in the Middle East” and that Congress must acknowledge “the humanitarian crisis in Lebanon,” while backing the Lebanese Armed Forces “in their efforts to defeat Hezbollah” (June 4, 2026).
A flat Tier 2, resting on concern for Palestinian civilians. She has a reliable pro-Israel record — AIPAC-backed, backs defense funding, opposes conditioning aid — but no leadership on the issue (no authored Israel legislation or maximalist brand). What holds her at a flat 2 rather than 1/2 is genuine Gaza-civilian consideration: she called on Israel to “protect civilian lives” and allow “unimpeded access to aid and food” amid the famine, and she has broken with the AIPAC line by voting against the ICC-sanctions bill and the September 2026 college anti-boycott bill, and voted Present on the July 2026 Massie amendment. That ICC vote nudges toward the 2/3 edge, but with no conditioning act and continued opposition to aid conditions she stays a solid 2.
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elect26 places 2026 midterm candidates on a six-tier spectrum, from 1 (most pro-Israel) to 6 (most critical of Israel).